Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma
(Pparγ) and Prostate Cancer
Volume 5 - Issue 1
Xi Jin1#, Bandar A. Alenezi2#, Gang He3, Hongwen Ma1, Qiang Wei1, and Youqiang Ke1, 2, 3*
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- 2Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- 3Sichuan Antibiotics Industrial Institute, Chengdu University, China
- 4These authors contributed equally to this work
Received: November 25, 2021 Published: December 6, 2021
Corresponding author: Professor Youqiang Ke, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, United
Kingdom.
DOI: 10.32474/OAJOM.2021.05.000206
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Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) is
a transcription factor that is ligand dependent and is a member of the
nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARγ is expressed in two
isoforms: PPARγ1 and PPARγ2, the latter contains thirty extra amino
acids (Figure 1). Both synthetic and endogenous ligands can band to
and activate PPARγ [1]. When activated, PPARγ is translocated into
the nucleus and forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor
(RXR), where it serves as a transcriptional regulator of genes via
DNA binding [2]. It is well established that PPARγ plays a critical
role in adipocyte differentiation, the inflammatory response, and
peripheral glucose consumption. PPARγ agonists are frequently
utilised to treat type II diabetes [1]. Diabetes type II is the most
prevalent endocrine-metabolic condition worldwide, characterised
by insulin resistance and insulin secretion abnormalities. PPARγ
agonists were utilised to sensitise tissues (muscle, adipose tissue,
and liver) to insulin stimulation. However, these PPARγ agonist
medicines were associated with significant side effects such as
increased weight, oedema, heart failure, and an increased risk of
myocardial infarction [3]. The role of PPARү in prostate cancer
(PCa) has been controversial. Initially, it was believed that PPARγ
functioned as a tumour suppressor in prostate cells since agonist
ligands suppressed the proliferation of PCa cells.
Abstract|
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma|
The Role of PPARγ in PCa|
Role of PPARγ isoforms in prostate cancer|
Acknowledgements|
Competing Interest|
References|