Modeling of Enterococcus Faecalis Transport Influenced by Variation of Heterogeneous Velocity and Dispersions in Kolo Creek Volume 4 - Issue 2

Ezeilo FE¹* and Eluozo SN²

• ¹Department of Civil Engineering, Rivers State University of Nkpolu Oroworukwo, Nigeria
• ²Department of Civil College of Engineering, Gregory University Uturu, Nigeria

Received: January 04, 2021   Published: January 26, 2021

Corresponding author: Ezeilo FE, Department of Civil Engineering, Rivers State University of Nkpolu Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

DOI: 10.32474/TCEIA.2021.04.000183

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Abstract

Dispersion of Enterococcus faecalis was monitor in the study environment based on their heterogeneity in the creek, this shows serious concern base on rate of concentration from microbial analysis carried in the creek, the study determined the predominant factors that developed the heterogeneous dispersion in the transport of Enterococcus faecalis in the study area, this condition generated exponential phase based on the effect of the dispersion through the heterogeneous velocities of the creek, this expression implies that the migration and other causes of the contaminant deposition are influenced by these factors, the growth rate from exponential phase including high to low concentration are determined based on this predominant influential parameters, the derived modeling system expressed the behaviour of the microbes, this was carried outby simulating the behaviour of these parameters to determined their various effect on the transport of Enterococcus faecalis in the creek. The concentration ranged from 0.030278489-1.316392604, 0.034087772- 0.922131816, 0.024755029-0.39245102, 0.020945746-0.203891513, 0.024564565-0.150752015, 0.040754017-0.150752015, 0.03123081-0.23763553, 0.040754017- 0.287886202. The migration process based on different level of concentration in the creek were thoroughly observed, the predictive were compared with experimental data, and both parameters expressed best fits correlation, the study has developed high level of its significant through these parameters influence, it has also identifies the variations of other substance through the physiochemical analysis that could have increase the growth rate despite the dispersion influence through velocities of flow in the creek.

Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis; Heterogeneous dispersion and creek

Introduction

There is notable important challenge that has been examined to apply in improving water quality including the estimation of the pathogen contamination in stream water, the problem remains our weak understanding of the combined impacts of bacterial loadings from point and non-point sources, others challenge also includes the (diffuse) sources and their impact on in-stream pathogen concentrations Pandey 2012 [1], Eluozo and Ezeilo 2018a [2], Eluozo and Ezeilo 2018b [3]. To solve these problem mathematical models that incorporate the influence of watershed characteristics and hydrology has observed to a useful tool to calculate in-stream pathogen concentrations, these are derived strategy for watershed scale water quality improvements. Some experts have carried study that focused on developing models for predicting in-stream pathogen concentrations based on the landscape characteristics and hydrology of watershed Eluozo and Amadi 2019a [4], Eluozo and Amadi 2019b [5] Jamieson 2004, Jamieson 2005a, 2005b [6,7]. The high rain intensities events occur in land shortly after manure application to cropped land experienced overland flow, these in turn delivered large quantities of bacteria and potentially pathogens into surface waters Soupir et al. 2006 [8], Eluozo and Ezeilo 2018c [9]. Moreover, E. coli in that is injected in manure can be transported to streams through tile drainage systems instead of overland flow Dorner et al. 2006 [10]. This Effluent from CAFOs contains high levels of E. coli according to Mallin and Cahoon 2003 [11] Eluozo and Afiibor 2019 [12], Eluozo and Afiibor 2018 [13], these also experience an increase in stream with high rates of E. coli due to the influx of animal waste Armstrong et al. 2009 [14]; Centner and Feitshans, 2006; Jagai et al., 2010; Lichtfouse et al. 2010 [15] Eluozo and Oba 2018 [16].

Theoretical Background

Multiplying the equation through byC[x], we have:

Then Equation (2), we have:

Differentiate 2nd term on the left-hand side of (6) with respect to x, we have

Applying separation of variables, by dividing through by C(x) and cross multiply by dx, gives:

Taking exponent of both side of the equation

Materials and Method

Standard laboratory experiment where performed to monitor Enterococcus faecalis using the standard method for the experiment at different sample at different station, the water sample were collected in sequences base on specification stipulated at different locations, this samples collected at different location generated variations at different distance producing different Enterococcus faecalis concentration through physiochemical analysis, the experimental result were compared with the theoretical values for model validation [17-20].

Results and Discussion

Figure one presented explained Enterococcus faecalis concentration through graphical representation, the trends experienced gradual increase to the optimum growth rate recorded at thirty-six meters distance, while experimental and predictive values experienced slight fluctuation to the optimum level thus observed best fits correlation. The Figure observed similar condition from figure one but experienced fluctuation between fifteen and twenty meters and finally maintained linear growth to the optimum rate recorded at the same distance, figure three developed rapid increase but experienced vacillation between fifteen and thirty, but suddenly developed homogeneous growth between thirty two to thirty six meters distance, the predictive and experimental values maintained similar trend, figure four observed close growth rate condition just like figure three, but with fluctuation based on the influence from these predominant influential parameters, whereby fluctuation were observed between eighteen and twenty eight, but sudden observed linear increase to optimum level recorded at thirty six meter distance, figure five observed rapid growth rate to the optimum at twenty four meters distance but experienced rapid decrease from twenty six to thirty six meters at the lowest rate, five six experienced rapid fluctuation from the lowest at three meters to the optimum at the center, but finally fluctuate with decrease as the distance increase to the lowest rate of concentration recorded at thirty six meters, but not lower than the initial concentration [21]. The experimental values experienced vacillation from the lowest rate of concentration to optimum level at twenty meters, but gradually observed decrease closely to the initial concentration. Figure seven observed rapid increase between the predictive and experimental values to the optimum rate recorded at thirty-two, but experienced slight decrease between thirty-two and thirty-six.

Conclusion

The study has express the behaviour of the system in terms the microbe’s growth rate in kolo creek, the study expressed the behaviour under the influenced from heterogeneous dispersion of in the creek, the dispersion were influenced by heterogeneous velocity of flow in the creek, the transport load of the contaminant were monitored based on these factors, the migration rate of the contaminant experience exponential phase in the transport system, this concept was observed from the trend through the graphical representation, slight fluctuation were experienced base these influential parameters in the system in such heterogeneous dispersions, these condition can also be attributed to some disposition of physiochemical substance that deposited under fluctuation, this factors also affect the concentration and the rate of transport of the microbes in the creek, while in some other location the dispersion developed high to low rate of concentration, these condition experienced influence from the dispersion state and thus exhibited high to lowest concentration with some level of vacillation on the migration rates, the study has expressed the behaviour of Enterococcus faecalis deposition in the study environment, the derived simulation values monitor the behaviour of the contaminant based on these predominant factors, the parameters have affect the deposition and migration of the contaminant at different locations, these condition shows various concentration at different station point in the study environment, the study has definitely expressed the of dispersion of Enterococcus faecalis contaminant from the initial point of discharge [22-24]. The derived simulation parameters were compared with experimental values, and both parameters expressed best fits correlation, the study is imperative because the effect from variation of dispersion has been determined, other parameters that were also monitor such as velocity of flow that determined the heterogeneous state of the dispersion were thoroughly evaluated in the study.

References

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