The Impact of Nursing Education on Cardiac Patient’s Knowledge Regarding their Lifestyle in Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar KP

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of nursing education on cardiac patient knowledge regarding their lifestyle. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study was conducted in private tertiary care hospital. A well-structured questionnaire was adopted and explained to every participant during data collection. Data was collected through convenient sampling. Data analysis was done by SPSS version. Result: 0ut of 39 participants, 4(10.3%) participants fell under excellent category, 19(48.7%) had good knowledge, and 16(41.0%) had poor knowledge before educational intervention. After the intervention, 38(97.4%) participants fell under excellent category and 1(2.6%) had good knowledge. The mean score was 20.85 with a standard deviation of 7.084 before session; while, the mean score after session was 33.69 with a standard deviation of 2.430. Furthermore, paired T-test was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of education. The result was highly significant with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the effectiveness of cardiac education that shows an increase in patient’s knowledge and change in behavior. Therefore, educational program is significant for cardiac patients. DOI: 10.32474/LOJNHC.2019.02.000133


Background
Heart disease or cardiovascular diseases(CVD) is a broad term used to describe various diseases like Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Myocardial Infarction, Angina, Atrial Fibrillation, Heart Rhythm Disorders, Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure, and other disorders of heart. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coronary Artery Disease is the most common type of heart disease and could lead to heart attacks. Different nations have been developing policies to condense the risk of heart disease in their populations Yee Chow, Chan [ [3], to assess and individualize patient education at a nurse led heart failure clinic. The results of the study showed that there was no difference between control and intervention group. However, intervention group had more information as compared to control group concerning their personal situation.
Similarly, a study was conducted by Ghisi et al. [3] to investigate the impact of education on cardiac patient knowledge. In general, the result of the study showed (57%) studies as fair and 5% studies as poor in quality.
Moreover, a quasi-experimental study was conducted by Siraje et al. [8]. The results showed that self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure were influenced by awareness, and their Alternate Hypothesis: There is an association between nursing education and patient's knowledge regarding their lifestyle.

Methodology
Research Design: The quasi-experimental study design was used in this study. This particular research design was used because it normally allows the researcher to control the assignment as per treatment condition Dinardo [5].

Population and Study Setting
Population of the study was admitted cardiac patients at private tertiary care hospital Peshawar.

Sample and Sampling Technique
Sample size was calculated by using Rao soft software, with the population of 80 with 5% margin of error and 5% non-responsive rate. The calculated sample size was 39. A convenient sampling technique was used for sample selection because of accessibility to the patient.

Data Collection Tool
Questionnaire was adopted and modified for data collection after permission from the author. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions about cardiac diseases and life style of cardiac patients.

Data Analysis
Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used for data analysis. Frequencies were calculated for nominal and ordinal data, while mean and standard deviation was calculated for continuous variables. Paired T-test was applied to identify association among variables. Criteria were developed for data analysis in which patients were divided into categories on the basis of pre and post education knowledge. The total score was 36, in which >30=excellent, 21-29=good and <20 was categorized as poor.

Ethical Consideration
Approval from Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) was taken for the

Discussion
The results of this study are similar to study conducted by Ghisi et al. [4] which shows that education regarding lifestyle of the cardiac patient is significant because it results in increase of patients' knowledge, and it may also change patients' behavior. A study by Winkler (2014) identified that 57 patients, completing pre and post-test knowledge, had an increase in knowledge of cardiovascular diseases (p<0.001); similar results were obtained from the current study (p<0.0001). The results of the current study also showed that educational intervention enhances the knowledge of patient with cardiac diseases. The mean score of the study was 33.69(SD 2.430) after education with a highly significant p-value of 0.0001, which is consistent with the results of the study carried by Tawalbeh and Ahmad [2]. Another study by Siraje et al. [6].
showed that self-care behaviors in patients with heart diseases were influenced by awareness, and their practice improved with increasing their knowledge which is parallel with results of this study. Besides, this study recommended daily self-care activities for people living with heart failure including weight monitoring, adherence to a strict medication and diet, self-monitoring of symptoms and regular exercise which is reliable with the study conducted by Baptiste et al. [7]. The study recommends that educating the patients about their lifestyle may affect their health in later life. Therefore, educating the patients about their lifestyle is very necessary in early phase of disease which can minimize the risk of further complication through changing the modifiable risk factors. Also, this study provide basis for conducting other studies which can address the gaps and limitations of this study [8,9].

Conclusion
Most of the cardiac patients are unaware of their disease process, and they may also have inadequate knowledge regarding healthy lifestyle due to which their disease may get worse. Therefore, it is recommended to give education to patients regarding their lifestyle so that they can change their habits accordingly. The findings of this study also support the benefits of cardiac education which may bring an increase in patient's knowledge and behavior change.