A Study on Occupational Exposure Status and Intervention Effect of Clinical Nursing Interns

Aim: The aim of this study is to understand the current situation and influencing factors of occupational exposure of clinical nursing interns, evaluate the intervention effect of occupational exposure of clinical nursing interns, so as to provide a basis for formulating occupational protection measures. Methods: A total of 2190 clinical nursing interns from May 2012 to December 2018 in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital were selected as research objects to investigate the occupational exposure of clinical nursing interns before and after the implementation of the intervention measures. Results: Mechanical injury accounted for the first 53.83% of occupational exposure, and education level was related to the incidence of occupational exposure of interns. After intervention, interns’ awareness of standard protection knowledge and measures and standard protection behavior were significantly improved. Conclusion: It is an effective way to reduce the incidence of interns’ occupational exposure that teaching hospitals complete pre-job training of occupational exposure and occupational protection before interns enter clinical practice and improve the adherence of nursing operation process.


Introduction
With the rapid development of medical technology and the wide application of various high-tech diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in clinic, nurses have been exposed to harmful substances such as biology, physics and chemistry for a long time.
Studies have confirmed that the number of occupational exposures of clinical nurses occupies the first place [1]. Due to the lack of occupational protection education and training, lack of awareness and skills of occupational protection, lack of clinical experience, non-standard clinical operation and lack of intervention from instructors, the current situation of occupational exposure of clinical nursing interns is particularly serious. Clinical practice education is an important part of nursing education, and it is also a critical period for interns to transform theoretical knowledge into practical ability. Most interns focus on adapting to the clinical working environment as soon as possible and mastering various clinical nursing operations as soon as possible, but neglect the occupational exposure caused by nursing operations [2]. By investigating the occupational exposure of nursing interns in teaching hospitals, this study explored the current situation and influencing factors of the occupational exposure of interns, evaluated the effect of intervention measures, and provided a basis for teaching hospitals to establish a sound management system for the occupational exposure of interns, improve pre-job training content, and improve the awareness and ability of interns in protection.

c) Interventions Measures A compensation education team
for occupational exposure was set up to analyze and study the problems found in the first survey and implement occupational exposure and standard preventive compensation education [3]. d) Statistical Methods SPSS13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the results of the survey results.
The status quo, related factors and intervention effects of occupational exposure were described by percentage, mean and standard deviation.

Occupational Exposure Status
In this study, 1931 of 2164 subjects had more than one occupational exposure, the incidence was as high as 90.41%. The results showed that mechanical injuries accounted for the first place (53.83%) of interns 'occupational exposure, mainly needle injuries (70.31%), followed by ampoules, scissors and other sharp instrument injuries, and the incidence of injury was related to the level of interns' education (P<0.01 and P<0.05), with the highest incidence of interns with secondary vocational education. As shown in Table 1.

Relevant Factors of Occupational Exposure
The survey results and data analysis showed that the incidence of occupational exposure was related to the training level of occupational exposure, the depth of pre-operation instruction, age, education level, the reasons for choosing nursing specialty and the source of students (P<0.01), but not to the gender of interns (P>0.05). As shown in Table 2.

Intervention Effect
The positive rates of occupational exposure and standard preventive attitude of nursing interns before and after intervention were significantly different (P<0.01), as shown in Table 3. The awareness rates of occupational exposure related knowledge among nursing interns before and after intervention were significantly different (P<0.01), as shown in Table 4.

Analysis of Occupational Exposure Status of Clinical Nursing Interns
The results showed that mechanical injuries accounted for the first place (53.83%) of interns' occupational exposure, mainly needle injuries (70.31%), followed by ampoules, scissors and other sharp instrument injuries. It is consistent with the view of many scholars at home and abroad that mechanical injury is the most common way of occupational exposure of medical staff, and needle puncture caused by used needles in work is the most common way of occupational exposure of nursing interns, which is potentially infectious [4]. Teaching hospitals should pay attention to the universality and severity of needle stick injuries among clinical

Evaluation of Intervention Effect
Starting from changing the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing interns' occupational exposure, the special lectures on occupational exposure compensation education and occupational protection training were implemented to intervene and control the high-risk links of occupational exposure in nursing operations, and standardize clinical practice teaching to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing interns' occupational exposure [6]. This study showed that the positive rates of attitude towards occupational exposure and the awareness rates of knowledge about occupational exposure of nursing interns were significantly improved after the intervention (P<0.01). It shows that the awareness and ability of occupational protection and the ability of on-the-spot treatment have been significantly improved. It fully shows that the pre-job training of occupational exposure and occupational protection is completed before the interns enter clinical practice in teaching hospitals, and the adherence of nursing operation process is improved, which can promote the interns to form good habits of consciously taking protective measures in operation and effectively reduce the incidence of occupational exposure of interns.