Experimental Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Short Flax Fibres Pulp Reinforced Composites Material Sheet

Nowadays, scientists and engineering working in the field
of material are too concerned with sustainability issues and
environmental protection...

All the above reasons force the researches to develop material that are biodegradable in nature and have good mechanical properties [7,8]. This research paper aims to discuss the development of different form of flax fiber pulp rein forced polymer composites and their mechanical characterization and their mechanical characterization as per ASTM standard. natural fiber is composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and pectin. This resulted in the important problem of compatibility between fiber and matrix due to weakness in the adhesion between to surface fiber and the polymer matrix so changing the fiber surface by treatment. It is the best method that researchers use to improve the strength and the compatibility between the interfacial bond strength [9,10].
The surface treated fibers showed better efficiency then the untreated. This sodium hydroxide treatment removes hemicelluloses and lignin hiding the surface of the fiber. It is accepted that the sodium hydroxide treatment result from increases surface roughness which create better mechanical interlocking between fiber pulp. This research paper aims to discuss the development of different form of flax fiber pulp reinforced polymer composites and their mechanical characterization as per ASTM standard [11][12][13].
The developed sisal fibre and its composites. The properties of sisal fibre itself interface between sisal fibre and matrix, properties of sisal-fibre in forced composites and their hybrid composites have been reviewed. It is observed Sisal and glass fibres can be combined to produce hybrid composites which take full advantage of the best properties of the constituents. Almost all the mechanical properties show `positive' hybrid effects [14]. The highlighted that natural fibers are suitable for load bearing materials such as roofs and beams. If the materials have tensile strength more than 50Mpa they can be used in roofs. Furthermore, for infrastructure applications where the use of synthetic fibers is not suitable, natural fibers can be a suitable substitute. Jute mats reinforced composites have been used for trenchless rehabilitation of underground drainpipes and water pipes. Availability of fibers is also an important parameter for mass production [15]. Mechanical properties of woven jute fabric reinforced poly (L-lactic acid) composites. Woven jute composites in warp and weft directions presented superior mechanical properties than non-woven jute fabric (NWJF) composites. The influence of woven structure and direction on the properties such as tensile, flexural and impact properties was investigated. Finally, it can be concluded that PLLA based woven jute fabric composites might be a good alternate of synthetic fiber composites and are suitable for high load bearing applications [16]. The investigation on bidirectional jute fiber, a natural fiber abundantly available in India. The minimum and maximum void content are in neat epoxy and 12 wt. % fiber loading specimens respectively. It is also found from the study that the void content decreases with the increase in fiber loading. The hardness, tensile properties and impact strength of the jute-epoxy composites increases with the increase in fiber loading. Flexural strength and inter-laminar shear strength are greatly influenced by the void content [17]. Tabulated the values of different plant fibers and compared it with glass fibers. The tensile strength and the young's modulus of the synthetic fibers are visibly much higher than that of the natural fibers. However, the difference in the specific values of synthetic and natural fiber, most important with respect to applications, is not as great. Jute and flax have similar and better mechanical properties compared to other natural fibers. Further the jute fibers are less dense than flax [18].
It has surveyed the use of natural fibers in automotive sectors and have found that demand is increasing day by day. We can also see the importance of compression molded parts. Major automotive suppliers make the most substantial contribution to the use of natural fibers for composites. For the future, one can expect other models in other vehicle segments and means of transport (e.g. small cars, trucks, trains), as well as in other European countries, to be fitted with natural fiber press-molded parts [19].
The aim of this study is utilized agricultural waste which may be profitable, pollution free and economically viable for the farmer and industries. These composites are also used in panel for partition and false ceiling, wall sheet, floor, window and door frame. This present research works a short flax fibres pulp reinforced epoxy composite material sheet has been utilized with 35%, 45%, 55%.
but previous literature view studies according to was utilized flax fibre composite sheet 15% to 25%. Application of high-performance composites using natural fibers is increasing in various engineering field. Composite material comprising one or more phase belonging to natural or biological origin. The composites produced today with the incorporation of natural fiber as reinforcements. In epoxy matrix are used for boat hulls, surfboards, sporting goods, building panel this not only reduces the cost but also save from environmental pollution.

Materials
Raw Materials: Short flax fiber put 1 kg fiber in the cooking pot. Make a solution of sodium hydroxide pour the solution in the pot with flax fiber and boil for 2 to 3 hour, after that, it will become pulp and we will wait for it to cool down and wash him with water three to four time, after that we will blend with the help of blending machine and then we will are squeeze with help of cotton fabric.

Reinforcement:
The purpose of the reinforcement in a composite material is to increase the mechanical properties of the

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resistant, and paintable that can be made to have the look of wood.
In addition, they are stiffer, cheaper than plastic products, with more life cycle coseo, vegetable fiber thermoplastic composites are attractive to the automotive industry because of their low density and ecological advantages over conventional composites natural fibres are lingo cellulosic in nature. These composites are gaining importance due to their non-carcinogenic and bio-degradable nature. The natural fiber composites can be very cost-effective material especially for building and construction industry (panels, false ceilings, boards etc.) packaging, automobile and railway coach interiors and storage devices. This also can be a potential candidate in making of composites, especially for partial replacement of high cost glass fibers for low load bearing applications.

Preparation of composites sheet:
After that, the polyester resin and hardener mixed in a container and stirred well for 3 to 5 minutes. The flax fiber pulp was then added gradually and Stirred to allow proper dispersion of fiber pulp within the gel like mixture.
Before the mixture were poured inside the mould, the mould was initially polished with a release agent to prevent the composites from sticking to the mould upon removal. Finally, after the mixture had been poured into the mould, it was left at sunlight for 3 to 5 day.
For fully cured and hardened.
Hardener: To convert epoxy resin to epoxy plastic a reaction take place with a suitable substance called hardener. Tables 1&2.

Methods
Thickness testing: For measuring the Thickness of a wire or a plate, calipers micrometer is used. Principal of the measurement of sheet thickness, the sample is kept between two plane parallel plate and a known arbitrary pressure is applied between the plates than the distance between the plate is measured precisely. The thickness test was performed as per ASTMD -1777 standard.

Tensile Strength for the Composite Sheet
Six different types of composites sample are tested In DAK series 7200 machine name universal testing machine. Sample are lifted to break till the ultimate strength occurs. The Table 9 the variation in tensile strength of different samples. a.
The tensile testing was done on six composite sheet and result are noted in form of Table 9.
b. As per show the below (Figure 9). It clearly Analyze the data which lead to highest tensile strength of composite sheet having composition of 35%pulp and 50% Resin.

Impact Strength for the Composite Sheet
The impact capability of sample impact test is carried out using Izod-charpy digital impact testing machine. Absorbed energy obtained for six different composite sample from the machine.
The Table 10. Shows the variation in impact strength of different samples. a.
The impact testing was done on six composite sheet and result are noted in form of Table 10.   The decrease in pulp percentage give higher density of composites sheet. b.
As we can see that as pulp to resin ratio, when the percentage of pulp is increasing, we have decrease in tensile strength.
c. The decrease in pulp percentage give higher impact strength of composite sheet. d.
The aim of this study is utilized agricultural waste which may be profitable, pollution free and economically viable for the farmer and industries.
e. These composites are also used in panel for partition and false ceiling, wall sheet, floor, window and door frame.