Case Report of Multiple Myeloma Presenting with Unique Skin Manifestation with Literature Review

Multiple myeloma (MM), although a rare disease, is the second most common hematologic malignancy. MM is associated with
significant morbidity due to its end-organ destruction. It is a disease of the older population and advancements in the diagnosis,
monitoring, and treatment of MM are of the utmost importance as the general population lives longer due to other improvements
in health care. Herein, we present an interesting case of MM presenting with initially skin manifestation which unfortunately is
associated with a poor prognosis due to a relationship indicating higher tumor burden. Despite being on multiple treatment, our
patient continued to progress with her disease...


Introduction
Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for approximately 2% of all malignancies and 13% of hematological malignancies worldwide [1]. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy [1] and it is a neoplasm of clonal plasma cells which originate from the B-cell lineage and develop after lineage commitment in the bone marrow of progenitor cells [9]. Cutaneous involvement in patients with multiple myeloma is rare and it usually represents of a poor prognosis. Cutaneous involvement indicates an increased tumor burden. The most common cause of cutaneous involvement is due to direct extension from underlying bone lesions of MM or solitary plasmacytoma of bone [2]. It is very rare to have primary cutaneous plasmacytoma [3].

Case Presentation
We present the case of a friendly Caucasian American 70-yearold female with no significant PMH who initially presented to

Discussion
We present an interesting case of cutaneous involvement of multiple myeloma where although the patient has been on multiple therapies continues to progress in her disease. Her case is interesting from other presentations in that they don't usually do not describe the course of regimen used in treatment. The standard of care of cutaneous involvement revolves controlling the origin of the disease. One specific treatment that we tried was localized radiation. There is not much data or past literature discussing the use of radiation or its efficacy. Unfortunately for our case, the treatment only helped briefly. Most common involvement for MM is soft tissue involvement of the upper airway and oral cavity. They usually consist of firm, erythematous, nontender nodules involving the neck, ears, shoulders, axillae, chest, abdomen, and dorsum of the hands [11]. The first reported case of skin involvement in a person with MM was presented by Bruno Block in 1910. He described a patient who had small reddish macules that evolved into brown reddish papules and nodules with scale crusts. Histologically these lesions showed epidermal necrosis. He eventually had disease in pleura, stomach, and heart and passed away two years later [3].
A review of literature reveals that there are over 100 described cases. The age ranges from 36 to 81 with a median of 60 years old.
Numeric date was available for 87 cases and 63 of them were male and 24 were female [4]. Cutaneous involvement of MM may appear in area of the skin, but it has been reported most commonly on the trunk and abdomen. Skin lesions is commonly described as papules or nodules that measure 1-5 cm in diameter with firm consistency, smooth surface, and a red or violaceous color [5]. Some authors reported that cutaneous involvement of MM only occurs when the tumor mas burden is over 2-3 kg [6]. Cutaneous involvement in patient with MM and extramedullary plasmacytoma generally appears late during the disease. On average, death occurred within 12 months after the diagnosis. Autopsy of these patients reveal extensive plasmacytic infiltration of multiple organs [7].
A review of the cases of MM involving the skin revealed that 40 cases were IgG, 21 cases were IgA, and 9 cases were IgD. The risk of cutaneous involvement by MM is not associated with a particular class of myeloma immunoglobins. Histopathologically, the lesions of MM involving the skin show 2 patterns: nodular and diffuse interstitial [6]. (Figure 2, 3). The worldwide incidence of myeloma is 86,000 cases annually. Mortality rate in MM is high with a median