Environmental Accounting and Auditing and Eco mark

The environment is under tremendous stress from rapid industrialization, unplanned urbanization and changing consumption patterns in the race to achieve better living standards Alfsen & Greaker [1] Samakovlis [2]. Today everyone is concerned with environmental issues as they influence all human activities. It is amply clear that regulatory actions by pollution control agencies alone cannot restore the environment to its pristine state. Pro-active and promotional roles should also be geared up in harmony with the overall environmental protection strategy Sing [3]. Considering the future environmental and energy scenarios, environmental management systems and ecomark is now recognized as a pre-requisite for sustainable development and eco-friendly environmental management in organizations. Environmental accounting is the identification, measurement and allocation of environmental costs, the integration of these environmental costs into business decisions, and the subsequent communication of the information to a company’s stakeholders Hecht [4]. Environmental auditing is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards Penna [5]. It was originated in the United States in the 1970s, then after introduced to the UK and elsewhere mainly by multi-national companies who began to apply the audit procedures corporately and via subsidiaries Penna [5], Hecht [4]. Eco mark is a certification mark issued by the Bureau of Standards to products conforming to a set of standards aimed at the least impact on the ecosystem Huhtala [6] & Samakovlis [2]. It is the mark that is attached on a product which is available in our daily lives as well as certified as contributing to environmental preservation in terms of less environmental burden. It is also aimed for the consumers to make an environmental friendly product choice, and also to consider the relation of life and environment Paritosh [7]. Achieving sustainable development and eco-friendly environmental management in organizations incorporating the environmental accounting, environmental auditing and ecomark is now recognized as a pre-requisite. Therefore, the purpose of this ISSN: 2637-4676 DOI: 10.32474/CIACR.2018.05.000212


Introduction
The environment is under tremendous stress from rapid industrialization, unplanned urbanization and changing consumption patterns in the race to achieve better living standards Alfsen & Greaker [1] Samakovlis [2]. Today everyone is concerned with environmental issues as they influence all human activities. It is amply clear that regulatory actions by pollution control agencies alone cannot restore the environment to its pristine state. Pro-active and promotional roles should also be geared up in harmony with the overall environmental protection strategy Sing [3]. Considering the future environmental and energy scenarios, environmental management systems and ecomark is now recognized as a pre-requisite for sustainable development and eco-friendly environmental management in organizations. Environmental accounting is the identification, measurement and allocation of environmental costs, the integration of these environmental costs into business decisions, and the subsequent communication of the information to a company's stakeholders Hecht [4].
Environmental auditing is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards Penna [5]. It was originated in the United States in the 1970s, then after introduced to the UK and elsewhere mainly by multi-national companies who began to apply the audit procedures corporately and via subsidiaries Penna [5], Hecht [4]. Eco mark is a certification mark issued by the Bureau of Standards to products conforming to a set of standards aimed at the least impact on the ecosystem Huhtala [6] & Samakovlis [2]. It is the mark that is attached on a product which is available in our daily lives as well as certified as contributing to environmental preservation in terms of less environmental burden. It is also aimed for the consumers to make an environmental friendly product choice, and also to consider the relation of life and environment Paritosh [7]. Achieving sustainable development and eco-friendly environmental management in organizations incorporating the environmental accounting, environmental auditing and ecomark is now recognized as a pre-requisite. Therefore, the purpose of this

Summary
Environmental accounting is the identification, measurement and allocation of environmental costs, the integration of these environmental costs into business decisions, and the subsequent communication of the information to a company's stakeholders. Auditing environmental is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards. Eco mark is a certification mark issued to products conforming to a set of standards aimed at the least impact on the ecosystem. The paper has reviewed the environmental drawbacks associated with hydropower projects. It is amply clear that regulatory actions by pollution control agencies alone cannot restore the environment to its pristine state. Pro-active and promotional roles should also be geared up in harmony with the overall environmental protection strategy. The time has come for consumers to take the lead in prompting manufacturers to adopt clean and eco-friendly technologies and environmentally-safe disposal of used products, along with preventive and mitigate approaches. These are also discussed in the paper.

Keywords: Ecomark; Environmental accounting; Environmental auditing
Organization for Standardization (ISO) has produced a series of standards in the field of environmental auditing. These standards are basically intended to guide organizations and auditors on the general principles common to the execution of environmental audits Hecht [4].

Eco mark
Ecomark or Eco mark is a certification mark issued by the Bureau of Standards to products conforming to a set of standards aimed at the least impact on the ecosystem Sing [3]. The mark is issued to various product categories with the purposes of increasing awareness among the consumers towards reducing environment impact Matthews [8]. There are criteria for marking product as Eco Mark product based on the cradle to grave approach, i.e. from raw material extraction to manufacturing and to disposal Matthews [8]; Sing [3].
The basic criteria cover broad environmental levels and aspects, but are specific at the product level. A product is examined in terms of the following main environmental impacts Sing [3]: 1.
That they have substantially less potential for pollution than other comparable products in production, usage and disposal [9]. That they are recycled, recyclable, made from recycled products or bio-degradable, where comparable products are not; 3. That they make significant contribution to saving non-renewable resources including non-renewable energy sources and natural resources compared with comparable products [10]. That the product must contribute to a reduction of the adverse primary criteria which has the highest environmental impact associated with the use of the product, and which will be specifically set for each of the product categories.

Conclusion
Environmental accounting is analysis of environmental costs and the integration of these environmental costs into business decisions, and the subsequent communication of the information to a company's stakeholders for management and informed decision making. Environmental auditing is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards for improving existing human activities, with the aim of reducing the adverse effects of these activities on the environment. Ecomark is a certification mark issued by the Bureau of Standards to products conforming to a set of standards aimed at the least impact on the ecosystem. The mark is issued with the purposes of increasing awareness among the consumers towards reducing environment impact.